INTRODUCTION The right of guardianship of the minor belongs to the father and in his absence to nominate Where no one has been nominated then to the grandfather if he dies the right of his guardianship vests in the court. DEFINITION OF GUARDIAN According to Section 4(2) Guardians and Wards Act 1890. “Guardian means a … Read more
Introduction Contingent contracts are those types of contracts that depend on the happening or not happening of a future uncertain event. Here, we will see the situations when these agreements are enforced and when they become void, hence not enforceable by law. Relevant Provisions Sections 31-36 of the Contract Act, 1872. Meaning The … Read more
INTRODUCTION A person who accepts the office of guardianship actually undertakes to act on the terms imposed by the court of law. However, the guardian is bound by some duties and liabilities, under the Guardians and Wards Act, 1990. DEFINITION OF GUARDIAN According to Section 4(2) Guardians and Wards Act 1890: “Guardian means a … Read more
INTRODUCTION Defamation refers to the act of making false statements that harm the reputation of an individual or entity. It involves spreading falsehoods through spoken or written communication, such as slander (spoken defamation) or libel (written defamation). Defamation can result in serious legal consequences, as it infringes upon a person’s right to a good name … Read more
Introduction Appropriation of payments is the payment of a debt either in the sequence in which it is received or in any other recognized way. Sometimes, a debtor has to pay several debts to the same creditor and makes payment. Here, the question arises as to which of these, payment is to be applied. Sections … Read more
INTRODUCTION Inheritance is the transfer of legal ownership of a deceased’s assets to his heirs. The legal basis for the law of inheritance is found in Shariah, the Sayings of the Holy Prophet Mohammad (PBUH). Shariah is the primary source of Islamic law and is based mainly on the Quran and Sunnah. All Muslims living … Read more
Introduction When one of the contracting parties refuses or fails to perform his part or obligation which he has promised to perform, is a breach of contract. A breach may be one by non-performance, by repudiation, or by both. Every breach gives rise to a claim for damages & may also give rise to other … Read more
Introduction International law, often referred to as the law of nations or public international law, is a multifaceted and dynamic field of law that governs relations between states and other international actors. It is a fundamental framework that regulates interactions at the global level, encompassing issues ranging from diplomacy and human rights to armed conflict … Read more
INTRODUCTION Theft, liable to Hadd is included in The Offences Against Property (Enforcement of Hudood) Ordinance, 1979. It is the modification of the existing laws against property in order to bring the commission of certain offences within the injunctions of Islam. It is also known as Sarka. RELEVANT PROVISIONS Sections 4 to 14 of … Read more
Introduction Indemnity means a promise to save another harmless from loss caused as a result of a transaction entered into the instance of the promisor. On the other hand, a contract of Guarantee is a contract to perform the promise or discharge the liability of a third person in case of his default. Both terms … Read more
INTRODUCTION Qazf is accusing falsely a virtuous man or woman of adultery. The right of reputation is a sacred right and is well preserved by the Quran which casts a duty on the person against whom a false case of adultery or commission of Zina has been brought to bring to the direct action of … Read more
Introduction An agency is a relationship between two parties in business dealings in which one person acts as a representative to the other. The purpose is to create contractual relations between the other and the third person. An agency can be created to perform any act which the creator of the agency himself could lawfully … Read more
INTRODUCTION The offences regarding drinking are covered in Prohibition (Enforcement of Hadd) Order, 1979. Drinking is the taking of any kind of intoxicant. Normally, drinking results in unconsciousness so it is prohibited in Islam. RELEVANT PROVISIONS Articles 6 to 13 of the Prohibition (Enforcement of Hadd) order, 1979 Cross Reference. Article 203C of the … Read more
Introduction Bailment is such a relationship between two parties in which the personal property of one party goes into the possession of another party temporarily. A few examples of bailment include delivering a car, mobile, watch, or other valuable items to some friends. Delivering gold to a goldsmith for making ornaments, and delivering garments to … Read more
Introduction Unpaid Sellers are dealt with in Chapter V of the Sale of Goods Act 1930. In a contract of sale, the seller is always under an obligation to deliver the goods and the buyer has to pay for it. If the buyer does not pay for it, the seller will be known as an … Read more
Introduction All the transactions relating to a business taking place between buyers and sellers are governed by the Sale of Goods Act 1930. It was initially a part of the Contract Act of 1872. But was later repealed and transformed into a separate law that governed contracts of sale. Section 4 of the Sale of … Read more
Introduction Conditions and warranties are some of the most important terms that are used during the sale of goods. A contract is concerned with the quality and price of goods, the mode in which payment will be made, the delivery of goods, the time of performance, and the place where the goods are to be … Read more
INTRODUCTION The British Constitutional system is the oldest democratic system in the modern world. Great Britain is a Mother of Democracy. The British Constitution is constantly growing, continually developing, and changing from time to time. DEFINITION OF CONSTITUTION According to Colin’s Law Dictionary: The Constitution of a country or organization is the system of laws … Read more
INTRODUCTION The British Constitution contains legal and non-legal sources such as conventions and juristic writings. There is no single constituent document; many constitutional sources are of a written nature. To give meaning to the Constitution, it is necessary to study many fundamental documents, statutes and cares together with the non-legal conventional rules surrounding and giving … Read more
INTRODUCTION The British King’s royal prerogatives included appointing the prime minister, granting pardons, and representing the nation diplomatically. In a parliamentary state, the executive consists of three parts, the Queen/Crown, the Cabinet and the civil service. The Queen/Crown is the formal or nominal executive. The Cabinet is the real executive. The Crown and the Cabinet … Read more
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