INTRODUCTION The British Constitutional system is the oldest democratic system in the modern world. Great Britain is a Mother of Democracy. The British Constitution is constantly growing, continually developing, and changing from time to time. DEFINITION OF CONSTITUTION According to Colin’s Law Dictionary: The Constitution of a country or organization is the system of laws … Read more
INTRODUCTION The British Constitution contains legal and non-legal sources such as conventions and juristic writings. There is no single constituent document; many constitutional sources are of a written nature. To give meaning to the Constitution, it is necessary to study many fundamental documents, statutes and cares together with the non-legal conventional rules surrounding and giving … Read more
INTRODUCTION The British King’s royal prerogatives included appointing the prime minister, granting pardons, and representing the nation diplomatically. In a parliamentary state, the executive consists of three parts, the Queen/Crown, the Cabinet and the civil service. The Queen/Crown is the formal or nominal executive. The Cabinet is the real executive. The Crown and the Cabinet … Read more
INTRODUCTION The parliament of England is the mother of all other parliaments. The King/Crown, the House of Lords, and the House of Commons constitute parliament. Parliamentary sovereignty means the supremacy of parliament, i.e. parliament can pass, amend or repeal laws to any extent, and there are no fundamental laws with which Parliament cannot interfere. DEFINITION … Read more
INTRODUCTION The doctrine of separation of powers was adopted by the Convention of 1787. It was assumed not to promote efficiency but to preclude his exercise of arbitrary power. The purpose was not to avoid friction but to save the people from autocracy. MEANINGS OF SEPARATION OF POWER According to Black’s Law Dictionary: Separation of … Read more
INTRODUCTION The British Government is a highly centralized system of Government. It is based on one of the most important conventions of ministerial Responsibility before parliament for all policy decisions and actions a minister takes individually or by the Cabinet. MEANING OF MINISTERIAL RESPONSIBILITY Ministerial Responsibility implies two meanings. They are as follows; The minister … Read more
INTRODUCTION The Holy Quran is the primary source of law along with Hadith. Hadith is considered next to the Quran as a source of direction. The Holy Quran is the book consisting of those direct revelations which were made to the Holy Prophet (PBUH). The Quran does not contain law in a codified form but … Read more
INTRODUCTION The imperative theory is a perspective in ethics that suggests moral principles are derived from authoritative commands or imperatives. It argues that ethical obligations are based on the authority of a ruler or a divine power rather than on intrinsic moral properties or consequences. MEANING OF JURISPRUDENCE Jurisprudence is the name given to … Read more
INTRODUCTION The “Rule of Law” doctrine was introduced in the British Constitution to prevent the coercive powers of the state to press individuals. The “Rule of Law”, which forms a fundamental principle of the English Constitution, is one of the unique characteristics of the British Constitution. DEFINITION OF RULE OF LAW According to Aristotle: He … Read more
INTRODUCTION Sunnah is the practice of the Holy Prophet (PBUH). Allah has given legislative powers to the Holy Prophet (PBUH), where, on a given matter, the Holy Quran is silent, and then the teachings and examples of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) provide us guidance. It is the second primary source of Islamic law and plays … Read more
INTRODUCTION Administration of Justice is the permanent necessity of society and the primary function of the State. It is the civilized substitute for private vengeance and retribution. If any state cannot perform these two functions, it cannot be called a state. Administration of Justice is the maintenance of rights within a political community using the … Read more
INTRODUCTION Summary and precis writing are essential skills that are commonly tested in exams. These skills involve condensing lengthy passages or articles into concise, coherent, and objective summaries while retaining the necessary information. This article aims to provide a detailed understanding of summary and precis writing and practical techniques to prepare for exams. What … Read more
INTRODUCTION The cabinet is the real executive, and the Prime Minister is the Key man of it. He holds the most critical position in the ministry. He is virtually head of the administration while other ministers serve at his pleasure. He is the repository of supreme executive authority and enjoys adequate jurisdiction and control over … Read more
INTRODUCTION Ijtihad is a technical term of Islamic law that describes the process of making a legal decision by independent interpretation of the legal sources, the Holy Qur’an and the Sunnah. A person who applies Ijtihad is called a mujtahid and traditionally had to be a scholar of Islamic law, an Islamic Lawyer, or an … Read more
INTRODUCTION Legislation refers to making or enacting laws by a governing body, such as a parliament or congress. It involves creating, amending, or repealing laws to regulate various aspects of society, including governance, commerce, social issues, and public behaviour. Legislation is crucial in establishing legal frameworks and promoting orderly and fair management. MEANING OF … Read more
INTRODUCTION Conditional sentences are a sentence structure in English grammar that expresses a relationship between two events or situations. The first event or situation is called the condition, and the second event or situation is the result or consequence. EXAMPLES OF CONDITIONAL SENTENCES There are four central conditionals in English grammar, each with its … Read more
INTRODUCTION Law making involves the proposal and drafting of a bill, followed by its review, debate, and voting by the legislative body to determine its passage or rejection as a law. There are several stages in the British Parliament for the Bill to become an act. The procedure of adopting the public, private, and money … Read more
INTRODUCTION Islam is a religion that preaches brotherhood and harmony. To protect the interest of every member of society, the concept of Shura was introduced. So, the Shura is an expression of public opinion and is an essential institution with legal status in which everybody can have a say in their affairs. The Government could … Read more
INTRODUCTION Judicial precedents are an essential source of law. They have enjoyed high authority at all times and in all countries. In the broadest sense, a precedent means a previous decision. A judicial precedent contains itself a principle of law. A judicial precedent is a legal scene of law and speaks with authority. MEANING … Read more
INTRODUCTION Common errors in English grammar are widespread mistakes that often occur due to incorrect usage of tenses, subject-verb agreement, articles, prepositions, pronouns, and punctuation. These errors can lead to confusion, lack of clarity, and miscommunication. Understanding and addressing these common grammar mistakes are essential for improving overall language proficiency and conveying thoughts accurately in … Read more
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