Pakistan Studies

PREFACE The ideology of Pakistan, in reality, is the Ideology of Islam. The life of any Nation is subject to either human Ideology or metaphysical Ideology. An ideology emerges when people feel strongly that they are being mistreated under an existing order when fundamental societal changes threaten their status and the prevailing Ideology no longer … Read more

PREFACE The ideology of Pakistan, in reality, is the ideology of Islam. The life of any Nation is subject to either human ideology or metaphysical ideology. An idealogy emerges when people feel strongly that they are being mistreated under an existing order, when their status is threatened by fundamental changes occurring in society, and when … Read more

PREFACE The Ideology of Pakistan, in reality, is the Ideology of Islam. The life of any Nation is subject to either human Ideology or metaphysical Ideology. An ideology emerges when people feel strongly that they are being mistreated under an existing order when fundamental societal changes threaten their status and the prevailing Ideology no longer … Read more

PREFACE The two-nation theory was the basis of the struggle to create Pakistan, which held that Hindus and Muslims are separate nations. Even though they have lived together for centuries, they did not forget their cultures and civilization. In Kitab ul Hind, Alberuni has said, “The two societies, Hindus and Muslims, are like two streams … Read more

PREFACE Sheikh Ahmad Al Farooq Sirhindi, commonly known as Mujaddid Alif Sani, was an Indian Islamic scholar and prominent member of the Naqshbandi Sufi order. He is regarded as having rejuvenated Islam, due to which he is commonly known as “Mujdid Alf Thani”. It means the reviver of the second millennium, referring to the Islamic … Read more

PREFACE In the British government, the candle of Islam was about to blow off in the presence of Hinduism, Christianity, and Sikhism. Still, Shah Waliullah dedicated his life to promoting Islam’s teachings and giving a new Islamic way of life. He made numerous efforts to put an end to the Sikh and Christian religions way. … Read more

BACKGROUND After the War of Independence, the Muslims were the target of the vengeful activities of the British Government. The Hindus could make the British believe that the Muslims threatened British rule. As a result, national recognition of the Muslims was in severe danger. At that crucial time, Sir Syed Ahmad Khan was the first … Read more

BACKGROUND Muslim League was created because the Muslims had to bear the oppression and torture of the Britishers due to their lack of organization and unity. The Muslims were bound to have a well-established organization to avoid British pressure in the future.   PREFACE After the War of Independence, establishing the Indian National Congress was … Read more

BACKGROUND The Lucknow pact is an essential agreement in the history of Muslims and Hindus. The failure of the British to grant more rights to Muslims and Hindus in 1914 made Muslims and Hindus closer together. Muslims and Hindus wanted to work on constitutional reforms. Hindus were particularly offended by the British because of the … Read more

BACKGROUND The Nehru report was presented in an answer to the information submitted by the Simon Commission. In November 1927, the British Government appointed a statutory commission headed by Sir John Simon to inquire into the constitutional affairs of the country. Indian peCommissionple did not welcome this Commission because all the members were English, and … Read more

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND Allama Iqbal, a poet and philosopher, discussed India’s problem knowledgeably and rationally. He discussed the Islamic philosophic character in moulding a personality in length and then gave the solution to the Hindu-Muslim problem in India. In his address, he discussed the role of Islam in India.   PREFACE Allama Iqbal delivered his historical … Read more

BACKGROUND The political manifestos of both parties were almost identical, although there were two significant differences. Congress stood for the joint electorate, and the Muslim League for separate electorates. Congress wanted Hindi as the official language with Deva Nagri writing script, while the Muslim league wanted Urdu with Persian calligraphy.   PREFACE The Government of … Read more

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND 1914, when World War I started, the Turks resolved to speak with the Germans against Britain. The Muslims of India wanted to help Britain but not at the cost of Ottoman Khilafat and the Holy places in Turkey. In his various public utterances, British Prime Minister Lloyd George assured the Muslims that the … Read more

BACKGROUND The Lahore Resolution is an essential event in the history of Pakistan. The Pakistan Movement is as old as the history of Muslims in the sub-continent. This is because Pakistan was created based on the Two-Nation Theory. Two Nation Theory was formed in India on the day when the first Hindus accepted Islam. Gradually, … Read more

PREFACE Quaid e Azam became the first governor-general of Pakistan after independence. The last Viceroy of the sub-continent, Lord Mount Batten, came to Karachi on 13 August 1947. On the night between 14 and 15 August, he shifted the rulership to Pakatan from the British Government. The Qaid Azam, the next day, on 15 August, … Read more

INTRODUCTION The Constitution of Pakistan, 1956, was an important document framed after a lengthy discussion, confusion, and effort. The making of the Constitution was a historical event that changed Pakistan’s internal and external image. The Constitution also ended an era of constitutional and public frustration in Pakistan.   MEANING OF CONSTITUTION According to Black’s Law … Read more

INTRODUCTION Ayub Khan took oath as President of Pakistan on 18″ February 1960. Soon after, he formed a ten-member constituent Committee. The committee developed a constitutional script. Ayub Khan, as President of Pakistan, approved and implemented this. The constitutional hand was, therefore, formed. This was a presidential constitution. It had 250 clauses, five headings, and … Read more

PREFACE The Constitution of Pakistan 1973 is the reflection of the democratic aspiration of the people of Pakistan. Constitution is the supreme law of the land and is considered an instrument by which the whole system of Government can run. It determines traits for Federal and Provincial Governments.   HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE OF THE CONSTITUTION On … Read more

BACKGROUND In the mid-1950s, Pakistan was like Hobbes’s State of Nature. The Political situation was deteriorating day by day. So on October 7 1958, President Gen Sikender Mirza imposed Martial Law and appointed Gen Muhammad Ayub Khan as the CMLA.   PREFACE On October 7, 1958, Sikandar Mirza staged a coup d’etat. He issued a … Read more

BACKGROUND The steps for Islamization taken by Zia ul Haq are of great importance in promoting Islam in Pakistan. f  The primary aim of the creation of Pakistan was to implement Islamic laws under the light of the Holy Quran and Hadith. After the creation of Pakistan, the people insisted to the government that Islam … Read more